Popular Biometric Methodologies

Popular Biometric Methodologies

• Fingerprint Verification
• Hand Geometry
• Voice Verification
• Retinal Scanning
• Iris Recognition
• Facial Recognition
Fingerprint verification
The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison of several features of the print pattern. These include patterns, which are aggregate characteristics of ridges, and minutia points, which are unique features found within the patterns.
Patterns
The three basic patterns of fingerprint ridges are the arch, loop, and whorl.
An arch is a pattern where the ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc, and then exit the other side of the finger.




The loop is a pattern where the ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve, and tend to exit from the same side they enter.





In the whorl pattern, ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger.

Minutia features
The major Minutia features of fingerprint ridges are: ridge ending, bifurcation, and short ridge (or dot).
The ridge ending is the point at which a ridge terminates.


Bifurcations are points at which a single ridge splits into two ridges.





Short ridges (or dots) are ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint.

Minutiae and patterns are very important in the analysis of fingerprints since no two fingers have been shown to be identical.
Hand geometry
As the name suggests, hand geometry is concerned with measuring the physical characteristics of the users hand and fingers, from a three dimensional perspective in the case of the leading product. Since hand geometry is not thought to be as unique as fingerprints or irises, fingerprinting and iris recognition remain the preferred technology for high-security applications. Hand geometry is very reliable when combined with other forms of identification, such as identification cards or personal identification numbers. In large populations, hand geometry is not suitable for so-called one-to-many applications, in which a user is identified from his biometric without any other identification.